Buying or selling ETF shares on an exchange may require the payment of brokerage commissions. Due to these brokerage costs, if any, frequent trading may detract significantly from investment returns.

ETF shares are not sold or bought at their net asset value (NAV) like mutual fund shares. ETF shares’ market price may be at, above or below the funds’ NAV. The NAV of the fund will fluctuate with changes in the market value of its portfolio holdings, and the market price of an ETF’s shares will fluctuate with changes in the NAV as well as supply and demand in the market for the shares. The market price of ETF shares may differ significantly from their NAV during periods of market volatility. ETF shares may only be redeemed directly with the fund at NAV by Authorized Participants, in very large redemption/creation units.